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See more car engine pictures. Supercharger Basics. A basic engine with the addition of a supercharger. Roots Superchargers.

Roots supercharger As the meshing lobes spin, air trapped in the pockets between the lobes is carried between the fill side and the discharge side.

Twin-screw Superchargers. Photo courtesy Superchargers Online Twin-screw supercharger A twin-screw supercharger operates by pulling air through a pair of meshing lobes that resemble a set of worm gears.

Twin-screw supercharger This makes twin-screw superchargers more efficient, but they cost more because the screw-type rotors require more precision in the manufacturing process.

Centrifugal Superchargers. Photo courtesy Muscle Mustang ProCharger D1SC centrifugal supercharger A centrifugal supercharger powers an impeller -- a device similar to a rotor -- at very high speeds to quickly draw air into a small compressor housing.

Centrifugal supercharger Centrifugal superchargers are the most efficient and the most common of all forced induction systems.

Next, we'll learn about the advantages of supercharging your car. Supercharger Advantages. The basic setup for an airplane with a centrifugal supercharger, or compressor.

Supercharger Disadvantages. Best of Both Worlds. Volkswagen has recently released a "Twincharger" engine on a Golf GT. Lots More Information.

October October 17, Related Content " ". How much horsepower does a supercharger add? How are engine friction and gas mileage related? Words nearby supercharged supercar , supercargo , supercede , supercell , supercharge , supercharged , supercharger , superchurch , superciliary , superciliary arch , superciliary ridge.

Words related to supercharged speedy , hopped-up , high speed. Historically, many designs of blowers have been used, from separate pumping cylinders, 'top hat' pistons combining two pistons of different diameter the larger one being used for scavenging, various rotary blowers, and centrifugal turbo-compressors, including turbochargers.

Turbocharging two-stroke engines is difficult, but not impossible, as a turbocharger does not provide any boost until it has had time to spin up to speed.

Purely turbocharged two-stroke engines may thus have difficulty when starting, with poor combustion and dirty exhausts, possibly even four-stroking.

Some two-stroke turbochargers, notably those used on Electro-Motive Diesel locomotive engines, are mechanically driven at lower engine speeds through an overrunning clutch to provide adequate scavenging air.

As engine speed and exhaust gas volume increase, the turbocharger no longer is dependent on mechanical drive and the overrunning clutch disengages.

Two-stroke engines require scavenging at all engine speeds and so turbocharged two-stroke engines must still employ a blower, usually Roots type.

This blower may be mechanically or electrically driven, in either case, the blower may be disengaged once the turbocharger starts to deliver air.

In , Gottlieb Daimler , of Daimler-Benz Daimler AG , was the first to patent a forced-induction system for internal combustion engines, superchargers based on the twin-rotor air-pump design, first patented by the American Francis Marion Roots in , the basic design for the modern Roots type supercharger.

Since then, superchargers and turbochargers have been widely applied to racing and production cars, although the supercharger's technological complexity and cost have largely limited it to expensive, high-performance cars.

Keeping the air that enters the engine cool is an important part of the design of both superchargers and turbochargers.

Compressing air increases its temperature, so it is common to use a small radiator called an intercooler between the pump and the engine to reduce the temperature of the air.

Mechanically driven superchargers may absorb as much as a third of the total crankshaft power of the engine and are less efficient than turbochargers.

However, in applications for which engine response and power are more important than other considerations, such as top-fuel dragsters and vehicles used in tractor pulling competitions, mechanically driven superchargers are very common.

For this reason, both economy and the power of a turbocharged engine are usually better than with superchargers. Turbochargers suffer to a greater or lesser extent from so-called turbo-spool turbo lag; more correctly, boost lag , in which initial acceleration from low RPM is limited by the lack of sufficient exhaust gas mass flow pressure.

Once engine RPM is sufficient to raise the turbine RPM into its designed operating range, there is a rapid increase in power, as a higher turbo boost causes more exhaust gas production, which spins the turbo yet faster, leading to a belated "surge" of acceleration.

This makes the maintenance of smoothly increasing RPM far harder with turbochargers than with engine-driven superchargers, which apply boost in direct proportion to the engine RPM.

The main advantage of an engine with a mechanically driven supercharger is better throttle response, as well as the ability to reach full-boost pressure instantaneously.

With the latest turbocharging technology and direct gasoline injection, throttle response on turbocharged cars is nearly as good as with mechanically powered superchargers, but the existing lag time is still considered a major drawback, especially considering that the vast majority of mechanically driven superchargers are now driven off clutched pulleys, much like an air compressor.

Turbocharging has been more popular than superchargers among auto manufacturers owing to better power and efficiency. However, Audi did introduce its 3.

In the and World Rally Championships, Lancia ran the Delta S4 , which incorporated both a belt-driven supercharger and exhaust-driven turbocharger. The design used a complex series of bypass valves in the induction and exhaust systems as well as an electromagnetic clutch so that, at low engine speeds, a boost was derived from the supercharger.

In the middle of the rev range, a boost was derived from both systems, while at the highest revs the system disconnected the drive from the supercharger and isolated the associated ducting.

In turn, this approach brought greater complexity and impacted on the car's reliability in WRC events, as well as increasing the weight of engine ancillaries in the finished design.

Volvo offers a 2. Superchargers are a natural addition to aircraft piston engines that are intended for operation at high altitudes.

As an aircraft climbs to a higher altitude, air pressure and air density decreases. The output of a piston engine drops because of the reduction in the mass of air that can be drawn into the engine.

It gets its power the same way that the water pump or alternator does. A turbocharger, on the other hand, gets its power from the exhaust stream.

The exhaust runs through a turbine , which in turn spins the compressor see How Gas Turbine Engines Work for details. There are tradeoffs in both systems.

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